Jayesh Vishnu parab
1. Greater Himalaya (Himadri or Inner Himalayas)
This is the northernmost and highest section, with peaks averaging around 6,000 m and many over 8,000 m, including Kangchenjunga, India’s highest Himalayan peak. It includes large glaciers like Gangotri and Satopanth, and serves as the birth place for rivers such as the Ganga and Yamuna.
2. Middle Himalaya (Himachal or Lesser Himalayas)
Situated just south of the Greater Himalayas, this range’s elevation ranges between 3,700 m and 4,500 m, and it is about 50 km wide.
It includes the Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, and Mahabharat ranges. Famous hill stations such as Shimla, Manali, Mussoorie, Nainital, Darjeeling, and Almora are found here.
3. Outer Himalaya (Shivalik or Sub-Himalayas)
These are the foothills of the Himalayas, rising up to about 1,300 m, and stretching from Jammu to Assam.
Between the Shivaliks and Middle Himalaya lie longitudinal valleys called Duns, like Dehradun, Kotli Dun, and Patli Dun.
🌏 Geography & Significance
The Himalayas stretch roughly 2,400–2,500 km from west (near the Indus River) to the east (near the Brahmaputra)
They act as a natural barrier, influencing climate by blocking cold northern winds and directing monsoon rains over the Indian plains.
These mountains supply water to major rivers such as the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, feeding agriculture and livelihoods across northern India .
✅ Summary
In simple terms: imagine three belts from north to south—the snowy, towering Greater Himalaya; below it the forest‑clad, scenic Middle Himalaya with towns and valleys; and at the southern edge, the gentler foothills of the Shivaliks. Together, they shape India’s landscape, culture, and climate, and are home to many people and ecosystems
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